In the closing stages of a hunt that has lasted over 15 years, researchers at the London Research Institute in Great Britain believe they have finally located the well-hidden cell "danger receptor." The danger receptor, found on certain specialized cells within the human body, is capable of sensing cell death, abnormalities, or malignant tissue, and signaling the mobilization of the boy’s immune system.

These findings may shed light on the previously unknown workings of several cancer-fighting drugs that simulate the signaling of these receptors, thereby causing the immune system to respond and act against certain intruding cells. The researchers believe that locating these receptors may aid greatly in utilizing them as a means of shrinking tumors.

The researchers have also identified a chemical receptor termed DNGR-1, which is located on dendritic cells. This receptor is part of the immune system as well. It is capable of identifying the presence of a dead or dying cell. Once a dead or dying cell is identified, DNGR-1 can alert the immune system, which will then remove the cell from the body.

There are cases, however, when necrosis (cell death) occurs inside of a tumor. Since blood flow on the interior portions of a tumor is often very constricted, removing the dead cell is often difficult for the body. Finding the location of this receptor, however, may play a significant roll in removing cells from hard-to-reach areas like these.

Knowing about these receptors, and also knowing what naturally occurring events or substances causes them to activate can greatly benefit cancer survivors and those at risk for cancer.

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